The fulfilment of the Millennium Development Goals and the advancement of human development depend on sexual and reproductive health (SRH), which is a fundamental human right. SRH problems include cancers of the reproductive system, STIs, sexually transmitted infections, abortion, and delivery deaths and disabilities. At least 20% of the burden of global ill health for women of reproductive age and 14% for men can be attributed to SRH.
For many reasons, sexual and reproductive rights are crucial. Women have the ability to make wise decisions about their lives when they have access to safe, inexpensive, and effective forms of contraception. By aiding in the prevention of unwanted or closely spaced pregnancies among women, family planning information and services can contribute to improvements in mother and newborn health. Teenage girls are more vulnerable to pregnancy difficulties. Sexual and reproductive freedoms can also aid in the fight against AIDS and HIV.
High fertility rates, early first childbirth ages, and high teenage birth rates are all directly related to the risk of HIV infection and cervical cancer in developing nations. A further estimate places the annual number of maternal deaths at over 70,000 (13%) and attributes this to unsafe abortions.
Reproductive health for all by 2015 was a goal set by the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in 1994. Although countries have implemented ICPD promises into laws and other measures, expanded access to a variety of family planning choices, and in some cases decreased maternal mortality, more rapid advancement is required. The MDG5 goal of ensuring everyone has access to reproductive health was introduced in 2007.
More than 140 million married or in a union women between the ages of 15 and 49 over the world have unmet family planning needs (UN, 2013). In sub-Saharan Africa, where SRH programmes have evolved slowly and have not succeeded in reaching enough underprivileged women and adolescent girls, who are more susceptible to negative health effects, there is still a significant unmet need for contraceptives. There has been advancement where national policies, budgets, and programmes have followed the ICPD objectives (UNFPA, 2008).
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